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The Energy Storage and Distributed Resources Division (ESDR) works on developing advanced batteries and fuel cells for transportation and stationary energy storage, grid-connected technologies for a cleaner, more reliable, resilient, and cost-effective future, and demand responsive and distributed energy technologies for a dynamic electric grid.
Research +
We work closely with academic, government and industry partners to conduct foundational and applied research that provides the groundwork for the development of transformative new energy technologies in the areas of energy storage and conversion, electrical grid, advanced materials for the energy infrastructure, science of manufacturing and water-energy nexus.

Visit our focus areas and research groups at the right to find out more.
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Publications

Publications by Category

2013

Xiang, Bin, Lei Wang, Gao Liu, and Andrew M Minor."Electromechanical Probing of Li/Li₂CO₃ Core/Shell Particles in a TEM."Journal of the Electrochemical Society 160.3 (2013) A415-A419. DOI

2012

Zheng, Honghe, Li Zhang, Gao Liu, Xiangyun Song, and Vincent S Battaglia."Correlationship between electrode mechanics and long-term cycling performance for graphite anode in lithium ion cells."Journal of Power Sources 217 (2012) 530-537. DOI

Zuo, Xiang, Xiao-Min Liu, Feng Cai, Hui Yang, Xiao-Dong Shen, and Gao Liu."A novel all-solid electrolyte based on a co-polymer of poly-(methoxy/hexadecal-poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate) for lithium-ion cell."Journal of Materials Chemistry 22.41 (2012) 22265-22271. DOI

Liu, Xiaosong, Jun Liu, Ruimin Qiao, Yan Yu, Hong Li, Liumin Suo, Yong-sheng Hu, Yi- De Chuang, Guojiun Shu, Fangcheng Chou, Tsu-Chien Weng, Dennis Nordlund, Dimosthenis Sokaras, Yung J Wang, Hsin Lin, Bernardo Barbiellini, Arun Bansil, Xiangyun Song, Zhi Liu, Shishen Yan, Gao Liu, Shan Qjao, Thomas J Richardson, David G Prendergast, Zahid Hussain, Frank M.F de Groot, and Wanli Yang."Phase Transformation and Lithiation Effect on Electronic Structure of Li_xFePO₄: An In-Depth Study by Soft X-ray and Simulations."Journal of the American Chemical Society 134.33 (2012) 13708-13715. DOI

Zheng, Honghe, Jing Li, Xiangyun Song, Gao Liu, and Vincent S Battaglia."A comprehensive understanding of electrode thickness effects on the electrochemical performances of Li-ion battery cathodes."Electrochimica Acta 71 (2012) 258-265. DOI

Zheng, Honghe, Li Tan, Gao Liu, Xiangyun Song, and Vincent S Battaglia."Calendering effects on the physical and electrochemical properties of Li[Ni_1/3Mn_1/3Co_1/3]O₂ cathode."Journal of Power Sources 208 (2012) 52-57. DOI

Zheng, Honghe, Qingna Sun, Gao Liu, Xiangyun Song, and Vincent S Battaglia."Correlation between dissolution behavior and electrochemical cycling performance for LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂-based cells."Journal of Power Sources 207 (2012) 134-140. DOI

Zheng, Honghe, Qunting Qu, Li Zhang, Gao Liu, and Vincent S Battaglia."Hard carbon: a promising lithium-ion battery anode for high temperature applications with ionic electrolyte."Rsc Advances 2.11 (2012) 4904-4912. DOI

Xun, Shidi, Jin Chong, Xiangyun Song, Gao Liu, and Vincent S Battaglia."Li₄P₂O₇ modified high performance Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃ cathode material."Journal of Materials Chemistry 22.31 (2012) 15775-15781. DOI

Huang, Jijun, Gao Liu, Chengyu Song, Eduardo Saiz, and Antoni P Tomsia."Role of Molecular Chemistry of Degradable pHEMA Hydrogels in Three-Dimensional Biomimetic Mineralization."Chemistry of Materials 24.7 (2012) 1331-1337. DOI

Chong, Jin, Shidi Xun, Xiangyun Song, Paul L Ridgway, Gao Liu, and Vincent S Battaglia."Towards the understanding of coatings on rate performance of LiFePO₄."Journal of Power Sources 200 (2012) 67-76. DOI

Zheng, Honghe, Ruizhi Yang, Gao Liu, Xiangyun Song, and Vincent S Battaglia."Cooperation between active material, polymeric binder and conductive carbon additive in lithium ion battery cathode."The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 116.7 (2012) 4875-4882. DOI

Wu, Shao-Ling, Wei Zhang, Xiangyun Song, Alpesh K Shukla, Gao Liu, Vincent S Battaglia, and Venkat Srinivasan."High Rate Capability of Li(Ni_1/3Mn_1/3Co_1/3)O₂ Electrode for Li-Ion Batteries."Journal of The Electrochemical Society 159.4 (2012) A438-A444. DOI

Liu, Gao, Honghe Zheng, Xiangyun Song, and Vincent S Battaglia."Particles and polymer binder interaction: a controlling factor in lithium-ion electrode performance."Journal of The Electrochemical Society 159.3 (2012) A214-A221. DOI

2011

Xun, Shidi, Xiangyun Song, Linwang Wang, Michael E Grass, Zhi Liu, Vincent S Battaglia, and Gao Liu."The Effects of Native Oxide Surface Layer on the Electrochemical Performance of Si Nanoparticle-Based Electrodes."Journal of The Electrochemical Society 158 (2011) A1260-A1266. DOI

Liu, Gao, Shidi Xun, Nenad Vukmirovic, Xiangyun Song, Paul Olalde-Velasco, Honghe Zheng, Vincent S Battaglia, Linwang Wang, and Wanli Yang."Polymers with tailored electronic structure for high capacity lithium battery electrodes."Advanced Materials 23.40 (2011) 4679-4683. DOI

Chong, Jin, Shidi Xun, Honghe Zheng, Xiangyun Song, Gao Liu, Paul L Ridgway, Ji Q Wang, and Vincent S Battaglia."A comparative study of polyacrylic acid and poly (vinylidene difluoride) binders for spherical natural graphite/LiFePO₄ electrodes and cells."Journal of Power Sources 196.18 (2011) 7707-7714. DOI

Xiao, Jie, Xiaojian Wang, Xiao-Qing Yang, Shidi Xun, Gao Liu, Phillip K Koech, Jun Liu, and John P Lemmon."Electrochemically Induced High Capacity Displacement Reaction of PEO/MoS₂/Graphene Nanocomposites with Lithium."Advanced Functional Materials 21 (2011) 2840-2846. DOI

Kim, Suhan, Moon Jeong Park, Nitash P Balsara, Gao Liu, and Andrew M Minor."Minimization of focused ion beam damage in nanostructured polymer thin films."Ultramicroscopy 111.3 (2011) 191-199. DOI

Xun, Shidi, Xiangyun Song, Michael E Grass, Daniel K Roseguo, Zhi Liu, Vincent S Battaglia, and Gao Li."Improved Initial Performance of Si Nanoparticles by Surface Oxide Reduction for Lithium-Ion Battery Application."Electrochemical Solid-State Letters 14.5 (2011) A61-A63 . DOI

2010

Zheng, Honghe, Gao Liu, Xiangyun Song, Paul L Ridgway, Shidi Xun, and Vincent S Battaglia."Cathode performance as a function of inactive material and void fractions."Journal of The Electrochemical Society 157.10 (2010) A1060-A1066. DOI

Zheng, Honghe, Gao Liu, and Vincent S Battaglia."Film-forming properties of propylene carbonate in the presence of a quaternary ammonium ionic liquid on natural graphite anode."The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 114.13 (2010) 6182-6189. DOI

Zheng, Honghe, Gao Liu, Xiangyun Song, Paul L Ridgway, Shidi Xun, and Vincent S Battaglia."An Optimization of Electrode Energy and Power Density through of Variations in Inactive Material and Electrode Porosity."J. Elec. Chem (2010).

2009

Kim, Suhan, Gao Liu, and Andrew M Minor."FIB Sample Preparation of Polymer Thin Films on Hard Substrates Using the Shadow-FIB method."Microscopy Today 17 (2009) 20-23.

Zhang, Yuxi, Honghe Zheng, Gao Liu, and Vincent S Battaglia."Synthesis and electrochemical studies of a layered spheric TiO₂ through low temperature solvothermal method."Electrochimica Acta 54.16 (2009) 4079-4083. DOI